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Feudalism in England
Feudalism as practiced in the Kingdom of England was a state of human society which was formally structured and stratified on the basis of land tenure and the varieties thereof. Society was thus ordered around relationships derived from the holding of land, which landholdings are termed "fiefdoms, fiefs, or fees".
These political and military customs existed in medieval Europe, having developed around 700 A.D., flourished up to about the first quarter of the 14th century〔Writs of Summons for the last general feudal levy of the English kingdom were issued in 1385, per Sanders, I.J., English Baronies, A Study of their Origin & Descent, 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, preface, p. vii〕 and declined until their legal abolition in England with the Tenures Abolition Act 1660.
==Etymology==
The word ''feudal'' derives from an ancient Gothic source ''faihu'' signifying simply "property" which in its most basic sense was "cattle".〔Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th.ed. vol. 9, p.119.〕〔Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th.ed. vol. 9, p.119.〕 This can be compared to the very ancient classical Latin word ''pecunia'', which means both cattle and money. Many societies in existence today demonstrate the traditional use of cattle as financial currency, for example the Masai of Kenya, who pay dowries in this form.
Because feudalism was in its origin a Teutonic or Gothic system from northern Europe untouched by Roman civilization, it did not exist in ancient Rome, where the nearest equivalent was clientelism. No classical Latin word therefore exists to signify it, and a new Low-Latin word ''feodum'' was invented by mediaeval European scribes to use in their Latinised charters and other writings.〔The word ''feodum'' or anything similar cannot be found in a classical Latin dictionary.〕〔''feodum'' - see (''The Cyclopedic Dictionary of Law'' ), by Walter A. Shumaker, George Foster Longsdorf, pg. 365, 1901. meaning in the derivative modern legal sense simply an Estate in land〕
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